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An alternative is to divide the model into segments based on their different dynamic behaviors and use different step sizes in different segments. This approach is referred to as multi-rate simulation. Popular in past years as a way of overcoming the limitations of slow processors this method now promises to be useful in some real-time simulations. . Some current real-time applications, such as power electronics and automobile engine simulations, demand real-time execution with frame times of a few microseconds or less. These frame times can only be achieved by using expensive special purpose hardware and software. In many cases the components that require this approach represent only a small part of the total system and it is unnecessary to apply it to the entire system.
Research is described that has developed DSP-based methods for high-speed, real-time (HSRT) simulation of the power electronic subsystems. Using off-the-shelf boards containing 4 DSPs that are plugged into the PCI bus of a conventional desk top computer, frame times of approximately 2 uS have been achieved for typical power electronic subsystems. The multi-rate approach uses the HSRT approach to simulate the high-speed electronics and more conventional Linux-based techniques for the rest of the system.bb
Multi-rate simulation introduces its own problems. Care has to be taken in the communication of data between segments operating at different frame rates. The inherent delays in data transfer between segments can induce unstable behavior in the simulation.
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